Transformer or converter for alternating electric currents



2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

(No Model.)

L. PAGET. TRANSFORMER OR CONVERTER FOR ALTEBNATING ELECTRIC GURRENTS..

No. 413,810. Patented Oct. 29, 1889.

Snub/14W as; My

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2. L. PAGBT. TRANSFORMER 0R CONVERTER FOR ALTERNATING ELECTRIC CURRENTS..

No. 413.810. Patented 0013.29, 1889.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

"LEONARD PAGET, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALE TO CHARLES J. KINTNEB, OF SAME PLACE. I

TRANSFORMER OR CONVERTER FOR ALTERNATING ELECTRIC CURRENTS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 418,810, dated October 29, 1889.

Application filed February 12, 1889. Serial No. 299,640 (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern: the secondary, then when there is a minimum Be it known that I, LEONARD PAGET, a citinumber f translating devices in use in the zen of the United States, residing at New secondary circuit there will necessarily be York, in the county of New York and State much useless expenditure of energy in the 5 of New York, have made a new and useful primary circuit for the reason indicated.

invention in Systems of Electrical Transform- It is the especial object of my present iners or Converters, such as are used in the vention to overcome this difficulty and to deelectrical art in the transformation or convise a transformer which adapts itself to the version of currents of an alternating nature conditions of the translating devices in the [O fromaprimaryto a secondarycircuit, of which secondary eircuit--that is to say, to devise the following is a specification. such an apparatus as will cause the amount Hy invention relates particularly to an imof energy utilized in the primary circuit to provement in apparatus for the regulation of bear a fixed proportion to the amount of ensuch systems and in such manner that the ergy required in the secondary circuit where 6 5 amount of energy required at the primary or the translating devices are in use. I accomgenerating source shall be governed or reguplish this object by the apparatus hereinaflated in accordance with the amount of energy ter described, and particularly pointed out in which is to be utilized in the secondary cirthe claims which follow this specification. cuit or circuits The invention will be better understood by 20 To this end it consists in the novel appareferring to the accompanying drawings, ratus hereinafter described, and particularly which illustrate the apparatus designed to pointed out in the claims which follow this carry it into effect. specification. Figure 1 of the drawings is a side elevation Prior to my invention it was customary to of the simplest form of apparatus coming 25 construct or arrange transformers or convertwithin the terms of my invention. Fig. 2 is ers of alternating currents of electrical ena plan view of the same as seen looking down ergy of fixed proportions or dimensionst-hat on Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a plan view of inypreis to say, it was customary to arrange the ferredform of apparatus, showing the circuitprimary and secondary circuits of such sysconnections of both the primary and second- 3o tems upon a core of given magnetic capacity ary circuits. Fig. is a side elevational seca-nd having generally a closed magnetic cirtional view taken on line Y Y, Fig. 5, showcuit which is constantand fixed in dimensions ing part of the apparatus broken away in and capacity, at least so far as regards the order to disclose the interior arrangement. primary circuit. In other words, it was cus- Fig. 5 is avertical longitudinal sectional view 3 5 tomary to so construct them that the primary of Fi 4 taken on line 55. Fi 6 is a detail current was always required to exercise its perspective View of a portion of one of the effect upon the same magnetic mass, and to magnetic cores used either in the primary or therefore magnetize and demagnetize said the secondary apparatus. nlass, irrespective of the work required in the Referring now to the drawings in detail, E, 40 secondary or working circuit, also influenced Fig. 1, represents the core of the secondary of by said magnetic mass. This fixed condition a transformer or converter A representing of the primary circuit necessarily makes such the coils thereof, and connected by wires 10 w a transformer or converter an instrument to translating devices, as electric lights or anwhich is more or less inefficient, dependent alogous apparatus. (Not shown.) 5 45 upon the amount of work required in the sec- N N represent the free poles of a swinging ondary circuit, it being at once obvious, as is armature, which is surrounded by acoil A, the understood by electricians, that if a given free ends of which are connected by wires w 'w amount of electrical energy is required to to a generator of electricity of the alternatinagnetize and demagnetize the primary core ling type, or to such generators as are ordi- T00 50 on account of its magnetic capacity under all narily used for generating alternating or conditions, whether with or without a load in rapidly recurring impulses of electricity.

This armature and its coil are fixed to a nonmagnetic axis d, pivoted. at one end to the yoke of the secondary core and at the other to a support M, the arrangement being such that as the armature or core N Nis attracted by the poles N N the magnetic circuit through said core and armatureis made more or less complete, as shown by the arrows in .Fig. 1.

s is a spiral spring attached to the armature or core N at one end and at its other to an adjustable screw 3 for regulating the pull upon said core N. The adjustment is such that when a minimum numberof translating devices are in operation in the secondary circuit w 'wthe armature or core N N is drawn into the position shown in dotted lines in Fig. 2, stops being provided, but not shown, for pre- Venting the armature or core from passing absolutely out of the magnetic field of the core N N. IVith this form of apparatus, and with a proper adj ustment of the spring 5 and the screw 8 the position of the core or armature N N will be regulated in accordance with the number of translating devices, so that as translating devices are cut. inin said secondary circuit the magnetic effect on the secondary core E through the poles N is increased and the core or armature is drawn in the direction of the arrow, Fig. 2, thereby increasing the magnetic capacity of the primary core and necessitating an additional outlay of energy at the generator in the primary circuit, so that when all of the translating devices are cut in to the circuit the armature or core N N will lie in the position indicated by the white space in Fig. 2, and the primary core will then embrace a complete magnetic circuit through N N and E, which is the circuit of greatest magnetic capacity for the apparatus disclosed. ()n cutting out any of the translating devices, of course a reverse operation will take place, and the armature or core N N will recede under the influence of 3 until all are cut out, when a minimum amount of energy will be therefore required at the generator, as will be fully understood by electricians.

While this form of apparatus is capable of operation in a beneficial sense, it is not as efficient a device as the apparatus disclosed in Figs. 3, 4, and 5, and this for the reason that, owing to the magnetic lag between the cores of the primary and secondary circuits, the apparatus is somewhat sluggish in responding to changes in the secondary circuit. To overcome this objection, therefore, I have devised the apparatus disclosed in Figs. 3, 4, and 5, as indicated, which I will now proceed to describe.

' D is the base of the apparatus, having two upright standards S S, at the upper I end of which is secured by two screws 8 s a magnetic shaft to, carrying by magnetic spiders E E a pair of converter-coils A A,

cores G, and made of magnetic material in the nature of long thin strips of iron having projecting teeth N N, which constitute "the poles of the respective coils, and between which teeth are wound in series on each core the coils A A. I have shown in this instance six such coils on each core, the arrangements being such that when the coils are wound in position the projecting teeth N N fill the space between said coils on one side and N N between those on the other side. The secondary coils A A are rigidly fixed upon the axis a by a set-screw 3 which passes through the hub H, while the primary coils A A are adapted to rotate upon the axis a, and have a lever L, connected to the hub H, for producing such rotation. This lever L has connected to its free end a solenoid 0, located directly in the primary circuit and in series circuit with the coils A, as clearly shownin Figs. 3 and 4. An additional solenoid O is located in the secondary circuit with translating devices, and surrounds the first-named solenoid. The spiral spring 8 attached by the lever L to the rotary primary coils, and by an adjusting-screw s to a fixed standard, is designed to regulate the relative location of the cores N N of the movable and fixed coils under varying conditions.

The operation of this vapparatus is as follows: Suppose the adjusting-screw s to be so adjusted that the spring 8 will hold the coils A in the least efiective position when a minimum number of translating devices are located in the secondary circuit ww, then, as the translating devices are connected in circuit in the usual manner, the influenceof the cores N N. upon each other, as already described in connection with Figs. 1 and 2, together with the additional influence of the solenoids O and 0 upon each other in their respective circuits, will cause the coils A to be rotated in the direction of the arrow shown in Fig. 3. This rotation will continue in succession as translating devices are cut in to the circuit until a maximum number is reached for the adjustment between the spring 5 and the adjustment-screw s, at which time the poles N N will lie directly opposite to each other, as clearly shown in Fig. 3, and the multiple magnetic circuits through the twelve adjacent poles of the primary and secondary coils will assume a position of maximum efficiency,

free from the annoying influence due to Foucault currents and other well-known disturbances. \Vhen these cores are made up by winding them spirally, as shown in Figs. 4

IIO

and 5, they are secured to the spiders E and E by bolts or other equivalent means in such manner as to insure strength of the parts and close proximity of the pole-pieces under all conditions of load. It Will be understood, of course, that the secondary coil might be stationary and the fixed coil movable upon axis a, such feature constituting a mere re versal of parts; or one or both coils might be movable, either laterally or longitudinally, upon said axis, the principle being that no matter how the relative magnetic conductivity of the cores be varied the apparatus should still come within the scope of my invention.

I do not limit myself to the specific mechanism hereinbefore described as I desire it to be understood that my claims shall be broad enough to include any apparatus in a system of transformers which includes means located in the secondary circuit for automatically varying the power required to generate the current in the primary circuit in accordance with the demands made by the translating devices in the secondary circuit; nor do I claim in this application the method of operation by which said regulation is effected, as I propose to file adivisional application in which such method claims will be made.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is

1. A transformer or converter having a primary coil connected in circuit with a source of electrical energy and a secondary coil connected in circuit with one or more translating devices, with means located directly in one leg or branch of the secondary circuit for regulating the en ergy required in the primary circuit in accordance with the demands of the translating devices, substantially as described.

2. A transformer or converter having a primary coil and a secondary coil, the latter including in its circuit one or more translating devices, with electro-magnetic means located directly in one leg or branch of the secondary circuit for regulating the energy required in the primary ci rcuit in accordance with the demands of the translating devices in use, substantially as described.

3. A regulator for transformers or convert ers, consisting of primary and secondary coils, including, respectively, the currentsource and translating devices, in combination with means located in one leg or branch of the secondary circuit for automatically varying the magnetic condition of the converter-cores in accordance with the demands of the translating devices, substantially as described.

4-. A regulator for transformers or converters, consisting of primary and secondary coils, including, respectively, the current=source and translating devices, in combination with an ad justablc armature for changing the magnetic condition of the converter-core, and means under the control of the translating devices, located in one leg or branch of the secondary circuit, for effecting this changcin accordance with the current demands of the translating devices, substantially as de scribed.

5. A regulator for transformers or converters wherein current-impulses are transformed from a primary to a secondary system, consisting of one or more fixed coils located in the secondary circuit and having fixed cores, with one or more movable primary coils hav ing a movable core, the poles of which are located in close proximity to the poles of the secondary core, substantially as described.

6. A regulator for use in a system of converters or transformers wherein primary cur rents in one circuit of electricity are converted into secondary currents in second. circuit, consisting of one or more fixed coils located in the secondary circuit, with translating devices, said coils being wound about a fixed core or cores,in combination with one or more movable coils wound about a movable core or cores, and included in the primary circuit, in combination with two solenoids, one located in the primary and the other in the secondary circuit, the one surrounding the other, with mechanical connections between one of said solenoids and the rotary coils, whereby the relative location of the poles of said coils is varied in accordance with the current demands in the secondary circuit, substantially as described.

7. A transformer or converter having corcpieces made of two parts, one of said parts constituting the core for the primary and the other the core for the secondary of said transformer, the poles of said primary andsecondary being adjustable with relation to each other, whereby the magnetic circuit of said transformer or converter-may be adjusted for maximum or minimum effect, substantially as described.

8. A core for a transformer, consisting of a thin sheet of ma netic material having projecting pole-pieces located at stated inter vals, the whole being wound, as described, in spiral form, so that the pole-pieces constitute shoulder against which the coils rest when wound in place, substantially as described.

9. A converter consisting of a fixed second ary magnet, in combination with a movable primary magnet, said magnets having cores or pole-pieces adapted to slide past each other, substantially as described.

10. A converter consisting of a fixed secondary magnet and a movable primary magnet, said magnets having cores lying in close proximity to each other, in combination with means for causing said poles to vary their magnetic relations, substantially as described.

11. A converter consisting of a series of sec ondary coils wound upon a fixed circular core having internally-projecting pole-pieces, in combination with a series of primary coils wound upon a similar movable core having internally=projecting pole-pieces, which are adapted to slide past the first-named. pole pieces, and a magnetic axle joining said corepieces, with mechanical connections, as described, and a pair of solenoids located, respectively, in the primary and secondary circuits, one of said solenoids being attached to the mechanical connections which move the movable coils, substantially as described.

12. A transformer or converter having a primary coil connected in circuit with a source of electrical energy, and a secondary coil connected in circuit with one or more translating devices, with means, also located in the secondary circuit, but in one leg or branch only thereof, for regulating the energy required in the primary circuit in accordance with the demands of the translating devices in the secondary circuit, substantially as described.

an electro-magnet or solenoid, also located in the secondary circuit, but in series with the multiple-arc translating devices and connections, as described, the whole being arranged for regulating the energy required in the primary circuit in accordance with the demands of the translating devices in the secondary circuit.

LEONARD PAGET. \Vitnesses:

H. H. ELDRED,

L. V. HARWOOD. 

